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Glossary of Map Terms

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Glossary of Map Terms

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Double Hemisphere Maps

WOR106 - R. BONNE "L'Ancien Monde et le Nouveau en deux Hemispheres" Paris 1778.Colored. 8½X16. Attractive early double hemisphere map showing the western and eastern hemispheres with primary harbors located around coastal regions. Tasmania is still shown joined to Australia which is still largely unexplored and the Arctic regions of North America are speculatively drawn awaiting exploration. Many islands appear in the South Pacific, but the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) are noticeably absent.

WOR109 - J. DE LA PORTE "Mappe Monde ou Description du Globe Terrestre, Assujettie aux Observ(s) Astronomi(s)" Paris. 1780. (From Atlas Mod.Portatif). 7X8¾. Colored. Attractive small map in double hemispheres showing North & South America & the Pacific in the Western Hemisphere; and Europe, Africa, India, China, Asia & Australia in the Eastern Hemisphere. The east coast of Australia is still not shown and is still depicted joined to New Guinea in the north, while Tasmania is still part of the mainland of the continent in the south. Very decorative title cartouche with leaves, flowers & scrolls appears at the top of the map, between 2 hemispheres.

WOR113 - P. F. TARDIEU "Mappe-Monde Suivant La Projection Des Cartes Reduites" Paris c.1811. Colored. 12¾X16¾. Colorful world chart shows the continents finely engraved & detailed. Locates all principal harbors & island groups; the tracks of Capts. Bougainville and Cook around the world. Australia is newly discovered by Cook, with Tasmania separated from the mainland by Bass Strait, but Greenland is still shown as part of the mainland of North America around Baffin's Bay and the Davis Strait. Many rivers appear on the continents with the Meridian through Paris.

WOR121 - J. PLAYFAIR "Eastern Hemisphere" Edin. 1821. Colored. 17¾X17¾. Large spherical chart shows Europe and the Mediterranean; Africa, the Middle East, India, China & the East Indies to Australia. Locates islands in the Indian Ocean down to Tristan da Cunha & Kerguelens Land, called by Capt. Cook the Isle of Isolation; and includes all principal harbors, towns and regions throughout the eastern hemisphere. Depicts seas, bays, rivers above and below the Equator all in finelyengraved detail.

WOR127 - BUY DE MORNAS "Pour Les Vents" Paris. 1761. Colored. 15X21. Finely engraved chart shows the wind currents in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Depicts 4 compass roses with wind directions crossing the chart. Very decorative border frame entwined with garlands of leaves and flowers, including surveyors and draughtsmens tools e.g. traingles, compasses, rulers, telescopes, a map and globe, with a mythological figurehead crowned with leaves in top center. Buy de Mornas was the royal geographer to the King in Paris and a respected historian with an interest in scientific matters pertaining to the earth and the planets. A handsome chart with a wide border margin. $425

WOR130 - LAURIE & WHITTLE "Orbis Veteribus Notus" London 1794. Colored outlines. 21X29. Large double page map shows the countries of Europe in fine detail along with the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, India and the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia. Includes seas, islands, major cities & harbors, rivers and elevations. Title is in an ornate cartouche with scroll motifs and two figures in flowing garments holding a telescope and book.

WOR139 - A. E. LAPIE “Mappe-Monde en Deux Hemispheres.” Paris. 1812. Colored. 9X15½. Handsome double hemisphere chart joined in the center, shows the eastern & western hemispheres with the countries of the world clearly delineated. Many harbors are noted around coastal regions and islands and island groups are prominently shown in the oceans of the world. The title is drawn in top center surrounded by finely engraved circular cloud formations. This is a chart finely drawn and presented. From Atlas Complet by C. Malte-Brun and A. E. Lapie and engraved by J. B. Tardieu.

WOR141 - R. BONNE “Carte De La Direction Des Vents Généraux Des Moussons.” Paris. 1779-1782. Colored. 9X12½. This two part chart is based on Edmund Halley's untitled pioneering map of 1686 showing the system in the lower latitudes of the trade winds & monsoons. Edmund Halley (1656-1742) was an English astronomer, geophysicist & geographer who observed the comet that bears his name, in 1682, and after taking command of the ship Paramour for a two year voyage for the purpose of observing the condition of terrestrial magnetism, he published in 1701 “A General Chart of the Variations of the Compass”, the first world chart to incorporate isogonic lines & a landmark in the history of navigation. Rigobert Bonne, (c.1729-c.1795) the author of this chart was the Royal Hydrographer to the King in Paris and his principal interest was in marine charts & charting though he published many other maps for atlases & encyclopedias. This two part chart showing the southern latitudes uses arrows for wind directions and indicates the months of the year when the monsoons are moving across the Indian ocean. From “Atlas Portatif a l'Usage Des Colleges, Pour Servir a l'Intelligence Des Auteurs Classiques”. Dedicated to the University of Paris. 

WOR144 - A. H. BRUE “Mappe-Monde en Deux Hemispheres.Dressée Par A.H.Brué., Geographe.” Paris. 1820. Colored. Large, finely engraved double hemisphere map depicts the western and eastern hemispheres, with excellent detail and includes all the latest discoveries brought back to Paris by the late 18th and early 19th century navigators and explorers. The continents and island contours are very well drawn & the engraving is in the finest French tradition.

WOR146 - R. BONNE “Mappe-Monde Sur Le Plan D'Un Méridien. Hemisphere Oriental.” Paris. 1770. Colored. 9X13½. Finely engraved chart shows the countries of the world from Europe to Africa and Asia to Australia. On either side of the chart are two spheres. 1. a colorful compass titled “Rose De Boussole,” and 2. a sphere showing the equator, tropics, ecliptic & the Arctic and Antarctic Circles. A very decorative chart engraved for Rigobert Bonne, the Royal Hydrographer to the King in Paris.

WOR147 - A. E. LAPIE “Mappe-Monde En Deux Hemispheres par M. Lapie. Colonel d'Etat-Major.” Paris. 1842. Outline color. 14X22. Handsome double hemisphere map shows the Western and Eastern Hemispheres in fine detail naming countries, rivers, harbors, seas and oceans. Many islands and island groups appear in the oceans and offshore regions around the world. The map also includes indications of the latest discoveries, brought back to Paris, by navigators and explorers. The coasts of Australia have now been discovered and new island groups in the Pacific located and named. America's Pacific Northwest coast and Alaska have been explored and charted, and Tasmania, formerly Van Diemen's Land, is now shown separated from Australia by the Bass Strait. This is a finely engraved map by Pierre Tardieu. 

WOR148 - N. DE FER “Introduction A La Geographie De La Correspondance Du Globe Terrestre ou Mappe-Monde Avec La Sphere Celeste Par Les Cercles, Les Lignes et Les Points. Qui Sont Imagines Dans Celle Cy Et Ceux Qui Se Decrivent Sur L'Autre.” Corrigee par Desnos Geographe. Paris. 1766. Colored. 18X27. Rare double hemisphere map by Nicolas De Fer was drawn to show the earth's circles, Arctic and Antarctic, the tropics of Cancer & Capricorn, the Equator, the Ecliptic (the circle of the celestial sphere), the winds in the oceans and in the Mediterranean, the hot, temperate, & frigid temperatures of the earth & the Meridians. Includes 3 finely drawn & engraved armillary spheres plus a colorful shield topped with a crown depicted in center. The title is drawn on a horizontal plaque at top with decorative folds of cloth hanging at either ends. The land regions are loosely drawn, more for indication than accuracy as California is shown as an island off the west coast of the North American continent. This very fine map is from “Atlas Ou Recueil De Cartes Geographiques”. Chez Louis Desnos. Paris. 1766.

WOR150 - P. CLAUDE BUFFIER “Mappamondo.” Rome 1787. B/W as issued. 5X7. Small, but attractive double hemisphere map engraved by Giovanni Petroschi for Buffier's “Nuova Geografia,” shows the Western Hemisphere with California drawn as an island off the coast of North America evidently copied from earlier charts, as by 1787 the island concept had been disproved & discarded by most major cartographers. On the Eastern Hemisphere map only the western coast of Australia is drawn in though the eastern coast had been discovered and surveyed by Capt. James Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific in 1768-1771. Although land contours on both hemispheres are drawn in, the charm of the map lies in its inaccuracies and the lack of universal knowledge still apparent in mapmaking in some European centers in the 18th century.

WOR153 - E. WELLS “Orbis Terraurm Cognitus Veteribus Graecis Et Latinis.” Oxford (England) 1704. Colored.3½X6½. Miniature double hemisphere map shows both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres, with California depicted as an island in the Western Hemisphere. Depicts the continents of Europe, Africa and India in the Eastern Hemisphere and locates the Tropics - Capricorn running through South America and Cancer running across the Caribbean Sea and Africa. Also indicates the Polar Circles but omits any notations of place names on the continents. In the early 18th century cartographers were still showing California as an island and it wasn't till later in the century that changes were instituted on the maps, after Father Charlevoix, a Jesuit Priest returned to Europe with positive information regarding California's attachment to the mainland. From “Dionysios Perigetes. Geographia Emendata & Iocupletata.” (Edward Wells (1667-1727) was a mathematician, geographer and divine and a fairly prolific mapmaker in the early 18th century.) This is a charming small early map.  

WOR154 - A. VUILLEMIN “Mappemonde par A. Vuillemin. Publiee par Combette. Editeur” Paris.1856. Colored.17X29. Attractive double hemisphere map shows the Western Hemisphere with the America's depicted in fine detail and all the islands in the Pacific Ocean including the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) & New Zealand, and the Eastern Hemisphere showing Europe, Africa, India, South East Asia, China, Japan and Australia, with it's coast now explored and charted and Tasmania divided by the Bass Strait from the mainland. Includes a celestial chart in lower center titled “Systeme Planitaire” showing the motions of the planets in their orbits around the celestial sphere. (Note: Alexandre Vuillemin was a noted French cartographer and geographer in the mid 19th century and his world map shown here was included in Victor Levasseur's “Atlas National Illustre de la France,” in 1845-1856.)

WOR155 - R. DE VAUGONDY “Mappe Monde ou Description du Globe Terrestre dressee sur Les Memoires les plus Nouveaux et Assujettie aux Observations Astronomiques. Par le Sir Robert De Vaugondy, fils.” Paris. 1752. Outline color. 18¼X27½. Very handsome double hemisphere map by Robert de Vaugondy (1686-1766) and his son Didier (1723-1786) shows the Eastern and Western Hemispheres bissected by the line of the Equator and depicting the routes of Admiral George Anson's ship “The Centurion” in 1740-1743, from England, around Cape Horn and up the west coast of South and Central America to Acapulco in search of the Spanish Treasure Galleons sailing between Acapulco and Manilla. In 1743 Anson sighted the treasure ship the “Nuestra Senora de Covadonga” off the Philippines and after only a 90 minute engagement the Spaniard struck her flag and surrendered. Her treasure which was reputed to be over half a million pounds (sterling) made Anson wealthy for life. This chart also shows the tracks of the “L'Aigle et La Marie” in 1738-9 and depicts Australia still uncharted and attached to New Guinea in the north. A note on Australia's eastern coast says “cotes conjecturees” or “as yet unknown”. The title in top center of this superb map, is surrounded by mythical figures, angels with trumpets and a large stone engraved tablet held up by figures on pedestals, and the same theme is continued in bottom center where cherubs are holding another engraved tablet with titles. From Robert De Vaugondy's “Atlas Universel”. Fine condition. (ref. Bel et Utile by Mary Pedley, 1992 and “The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea” Edited by Peter Kemp.)

WOR158 - P. C. BUFFIER “Mappe Monde” Paris. 1749. Colored. 5½X7. Attractive small double hemisphere map shows the Western Hemisphere with California drawn as an island off the western coast of North America. The depiction of California as an island appeared on maps for over 100 years from approximately 1624 to the early 18th century, after Father Kino, a Jesuit missionary, walked across the top of the Baja Peninsula from the mainland to the coast in 1698 disproving the theory. In 1705 his map was published in Europe, but it was not accepted until another Jesuit, Father Consag sailed completely around the Gulf in 1746, and King Ferdinand of Spain issued a decree a year later in 1747 announcing finally that “California is not an Island.” Claude Buffier, who published this map in 1749, had evidently not heard that the island theory had been disproved. On the Eastern Hemisphere map only the western coast of Australia is drawn, as the eastern coast had not yet been charted by Capt. Cook who surveyed it 20 years later in 1769. Although land contours on this small map are drawn in a speculative fashion, the charm of the map lies in its inaccuracies and the lack of universal knowledge still apparent in mapmaking in some European centers in the early 18th century. Published in “Geographie Universelle” in Paris. c. 1749. by Claude Buffier, a theologian and geographer from Warsaw working in Paris. (Ref. Tooley's “Dictionary of Mapmakers” Rev. Edition. A-D. Page. 208.)

WOR159 - N. SANSON “Mappe Monde ou Carte Generale du Globe Terrestre Representee en deux Plan Hemispheres Revue et Changee en Plusieurs en Droits Suivant les Relations les plus Recentes par le Sieur Sanson Geographe Ordin. de la Majeste.” Amsterdam. 1743. B/W. 6X6½. Attractive small double hemisphere map shows California as an Island on North America's Pacific Northwest coast, which has yet to be explored and charted. Both western and eastern hemispheres are drawn to show contours of countries, oceans, and the Poles. The Equator is shown bisecting the Hemispheres and below them at base of map are figures in native costumes with fruit, produce, animals and birds. The map was drawn by Nicolas Sanson (1600-1667) geographer to the King and considered by many to be the founder of French cartography. The map was published after his death by his sons, and included in Baron Pufendorf's “LHistoire Generale et Political, de L'Universe" in 1743.

WOR160 - N. SANSON “Le Gobe Celeste. Ou L'On Voit 1022, Etoiles, en 48 Constellations. 12 dans le Zodiaque et 36 hors au Zodiaque etc.” Amsterdam. 1743. 6X6½. Attractive small double hemisphere celestial maps, show both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres as seen from the night sky incorporating 1022 stars in 48 constellations. Drawn by Nicolas Sanson (1600-1667) and published in Baron Pufendorf's “L'Histoire Generale et Political, de L'Universe” in 1743.

WOR162 - O. W. GRAY “Gray's New Map of the World in Hemispheres with Comparative Views of the Heights of the Principal Mountains and Lengths of the Principal Rivers on the Globe by Frank Gray.” Phila. 1879. Colored. 16X26. Intensely detailed double hemisphere map with a “Time Diagram” in top center, which shows the time in major cites of the World when it's noon in Washington. D.C. The mountains and their heights are drawn at the base of the map and the rivers and their distances are located in the two top corners of the map, which has excellent detail of countries, islands, harbors, major cities and towns throughout the world. Drawn by Frank Gray and engraved by W. H. Holmes the map was published by the well-known late 19th century publisher in Philadelphia, Ormando Willis Gray and published in the “Atlas of the State of Maine” in 1879.

WOR168 - W. DAMPIER “A View of the General & Coasting Trade Winds in the Atlantick and Indian Oceans” London. 1699-1703. Colored. 6X11½ Capt. William Dampier (1652-1715) began life as a buccaneer in the Caribbean & the Pacific learning seamanship and teaching himself cartography and surveying during his three round the world voyages. After his voyages he published books with maps and illustrations that were enormously popular and his scientific observations on trade winds, currents, storms and weather conditions were considered so acute that they were studied and used by Capt. James Cook, Admiral Nelson and Charles Darwin on their own voyages across the Oceans and in the Caribbean & the South Seas. This detailed chart showing the trade winds in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans was drawn by Dampier from notes he took while voyaging in those regions. Dampier was a strange mixture of buccaneer, hydrographer & naturalist, coupled with a fine intellect and a natural interest in the world around him. On this chart are notes on the courses of the shifting trade winds plus a numbered listing of the islands from which Dampier took his surveys. From “A New Voyage Round the World” by William Dampier, published by J & J. Knapton in London in 1699 with editions to 1703. The chart was engraved by Herman Moll a famous geographer, mapmaker and engraver in London in the early 18th century. (Ref. “A Pirate of Exquisite Mind” by Diana & Michael Preston.)

WOR170A&B - ESSO MARKETERS “World Map II featuring The World Island and Fortress Europe.” NY. c. 1945. Colored. This fascinating two sided map sheet published by the Esso Marketers during World War II, shows on Side 1.) A map of Europe & North Africa, and on Side 2.) a large map of the world, both maps designed to follow the strategy of the Allies as it developed from day to day throughout the world in the course of the War. The maps include roads & railroads, cities, towns & harbors, rivers & canals, pipe-lines, & airline & steamship distances. It also includes paragraphs of informative text regarding the origin of the name World Island, & the geography of global warfare & foreign names. There is also a graphic scale designed to figure mileages on the maps. The overall detail is excellent, and the maps combined. provide an interesting piece of WWII memorabilia.

WOR171 - T. KITCHIN “A New Map of the World. Drawn from the Best Authorities by Thos. Kitchin.” London. 1772. Colored. 7½X15. Attractive double hemisphere map shows North & South America with the islands in the Pacific Ocean & Europe, Africa & Asia including Australia which appears uncharted & in a curious shape. Evidently Thomas Kitchin (1718-1784), who engraved the map hadn't seen Capt. Cook's charts of Australia's eastern coast, which had arrived in London with Cook a year earlier than this map was drawn. The map depicts the Equator & the Zodiac & Ecliptic line which runs through the Pacific, lower Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, South Africa & across the Indian Ocean to New Guinea & Indonesia on its way round to the Pacific again. The map has a very decorative title cartouche in top center with leaves, fruit, flowers & scrolls, & in lower center between the hemispheres is a vignette depicting books, a globe & an astronomical drawing, in a landscape setting. This very attractive map was published in “A New Geographical and Historical Grammar Containing the True Astronomical and Geographical Knowledge of the Terraqueous Globe” by Thomas Salmon in 1772. (Note: the Ecliptic line is the plane of the earth's orbit extended to meet the celestial sphere or a great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe making an angle of about 23°27' with the Equator & used for illustrating & solving astronomical problems. While the use of astronomical observations had been of paramount importance in drawing maps for centuries it reached a new high in 18th century London where cartographers began to show the earth in relation to it's various circles such as the Equator, the Ecliptic, the Tropics & the Meridian on their maps.)

WOR172 - R. DE VAUGONDY “Mappe Monde Dressee Suivant Les Nouvelles Relations et Assujettie Aux Observations Astronomiques. Par Le S. Robert De Vaugondy. Geog. Ord. du Roi.” Paris 1774. Colored. 18½X29. Very handsome double hemisphere map shows North & South America, Europe, Africa, Asia & Australia. The map has been updated from De Vaugondy's earlier map of 1752 shown on our webpage under WOR155 to incorporate Capt. Cook's discoveries on the East Coast of Australia & new discoveries on America's Pacific Northwest Coast plus additional information regarding the East India Islands & their contours & positions. The map includes Admiral Anson's routes during his circumnavigation in his ship “The Centurion” between 1740-1743 & depicts harbors & islands, seas & oceans throughout the world. The map is topped by a decorative title cartouche ornamented with scrolls, leaves, flowers and cornucopia, & includes another decorative cartouche in lower center also ornamented with scrolls, leaves, flowers & ribbons. Published in De Vaugondy's “Atlas Universel.” 1774. (Ref. “Bel Et Utile” by Mary Pedley. 1992.)

Glossary of Map Terms

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